China Socks manufacturer

1, high and low voltage windings used in all the Copperbelt (foil) wound;

2, high and low voltage windings all in a vacuum pouring of epoxy resin and curing, constitute a high-strength glass

fiber reinforced plastic structure;

3, high and low voltage winding according to the cooling requirements set the vertical Ventilation Road;

4, the coil, the outer surface is enhanced by glass fiber mesh cloth;

5, insulation class F, H;

6, resin dry type transformers, small size, light weight.

Classification of dry-type transformers

Epoxy resin dry-type transformers can be installed temperature display controller, display and control the operating

temperature of the transformer winding to ensure the normal life of the transformer. Temperature sensor PT100 platinum

resistance temperature signal into the low voltage winding to obtain the temperature of the windings of each phase in

the cycle of the control panel display after processing circuit. It has a temperature setting, manual / automatic

start and stop fan, a fault, sound and light signals of over-temperature alarm and automatic tripping of the over-

temperature, with anti-electromagnetic interference capability of the state regulations. Is reserved for the

intelligent computer interface, remote control. Epoxy resin dry type transformer is equipped with low noise amplitude

flow fans, start winding temperature can be reduced to improve the load capacity to extend the transformer life; using

forced air cooling, the rated capacity can be increased by 40-50%.

Dry-type transformers superior performance is reflected in the noise. The noise problem is an important factor of

influence and restrict the development of amorphous alloy dry-type transformers, but also a major problem of the

design and manufacture this new product. Amorphous product does not require the standard JB/T10088 "6 kV to 500 kV

class power transformers sound level" noise, the sound pressure level measured value of the company to produce this

new product, substantially lower than the standard of the same noise requirements of the capacity of silicon steel

products reached the level of the sound level of the oil-immersed transformer. Solution of noise problems make it

possible to promote the use of amorphous alloy dry-type transformers.

Short circuit ability of strong amorphous alloy core is extremely sensitive to the particularity of its structure

determined the uneven force of the amorphous alloy dry-type transformers, such as the traditional transformer.

Therefore, the "test" has become subject to sudden short-circuit capacity bottleneck restricting the amorphous alloy

dry-type transformer manufacturing and sales promotion. Time through the company s trial of the 2000 kVA amorphous

alloy prototype three-phase sudden short circuit test, and successfully solve this problem, showing its advanced

technical level.

Dry-type transformers innovation, mainly in terms of energy saving, environmental protection, optimization of

performance parameters. In particular, China has made many encouraging results in the loss of the transformer and the

sound level these global topics. However, it is noteworthy that, in the case of the same raw materials, demanding a

lower loss value is not reasonable. At this point, reduce no-load loss will lead with an iron (silicon steel)

increased, reduce the load loss will lead to an increase in copper content. Income and pay the pros and cons carefully

weighed against the

The advantages of the newborn wearing a robe, first and foremost allows newborn freed from the bondage of traditional candle package, so that the newborn baby can have a relaxed, comfortable space so that the baby s limbs can be liberated, so that the baby limbs freedom of movement, never restrained, and the baby kicking off open robe, which will not be catching a cold. A free opening of the cuff to the baby gown designed so that baby awake when the arm from the cuff open hand out free swing, watching newborn babies free activities with both hands, hands swing was very happy, baby finger touch around objects also sufficient to stimulate the sense of touch of his hands, which can stimulate the baby s intellectual development, so that the growth of the baby s helpful. Newborn baby to sleep, the arm retracts the robe tightly closed cuffs baby gown has played the role of warm. In short, the baby s robe is simple, easy to make, many benefits, not only has the traditional “candles package” warm advantage, but also to overcome the traditional robe greatest disadvantage. The baby gown is not only very suitable for newborns, but also more suitable for larger babies to sleep at night, to avoid kicking off the quilt to cold caused by cold, pneumonia, bronchitis and other baby vulnerable to disease. Parents and thus do not have too much to worry about for their children covered by the parents so that they could ensure their full sleep.

Sixth class of their commodity-based import and export trade names and coding exercises. Learned from the last five customs declaration unified national examination to find the coding part of the item score analysis: involved in the sixth class of goods classified questions each average score of 6.4 points, at least the next four minutes (2003), most of the session lO (2002) to three exam up to see. Class 6 exam up to Chapter 30, each have almost exam; 32 ~ 34 and Chapter 38 of the exam the second, fifth examination together are from each of the two exam; Chapter 35, Chapter 36 in the latest five not out exam; the remaining chapters of the past five the total, respectively, from each of the l-channel exam. Our basic exercises Badges distribution of the number of design in accordance with the amount of each chapter exam score.
    (B) exercises
    1, peppermint oil
    2, the iodide of mercury in retail packaging (treatment of syphilis antibacterial agent)
    3, the retail packaging of microfilm rinse agent
    4, erythromycin ointment, a small barreled
    5, hydrocortisone (is not Weixinan? Dose, non-retail package??
    6, car air freshener, 100 ml glass bottles fitted
    7, soluble in volatile organic solvents in the polyurethane, the polyurethane solution accounted for 45% of the total weight of
    8, anti-mosquito aerosols, 500 ml of iron cans
    9, the cationic dyes, mainly used for dyeing of acrylic, 50 kg packaging
    10, impregnated with shoe polish, foam rubber
    11, lubricant, containing a large number of organic surface-active agents and mineral oil (mineral oil is less than 50% of the total weight); textile fibers used to lubricate the spinning process; industrial packaging
    12 coffee partners, accompanied by a certificate of certified reference materials (the coffee partner to determine the components)
    13, quinine base
    14, the powder form of sodium nitrate, 5 kg loaded, chemically pure grade
    15, ampicillin injection
    16, "Green Umbrella" brand Silky net, net weight 500 g plastic bottles
    17, test blood glucose kit
    18, antipyretic and analgesic medication tablets containing acetaminophen and caffeine
    19, bruises, rheumatism wine altar installed, chopped 50 liquor soaked Le party root, small trees Qiang Sheng root, mountain pepper root, filter to the residue obtained; with scattered wind and dampness, activating blood and pain relief: Indications of acute contusion and rheumatoid arthritis, lumbar muscle strain embolism
    20, mouthwash (Retail Packaging) (c) exercises with analytical
    l The reference to the answer: 3301.2400
Resolution: peppermint oil, also known as the peppermint oil is a distillation of essential oils from aromatic herbs mint leaves and stems. Goods of this title peppermint oil to be guilty of, access to class, chapter headings, to be classified in Chapter 33 of the sixth class of chemical industry and related industrial products Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery, cosmetic or toilet. Chapter related items to the "essential oils (no terpenes or with terpene), including concretes and absolutes: resinoids; extracted oleoresins; Concentrates of essential oils, fat flowers draw the law or impregnated into the legal system, in fixed oils, waxes and the like: the proceeds of oil off terpene terpene by-products; essential oil aqueous distillates and aqueous solutions of column headings 33.01, and thus non-citrus fruit essential oils classified as a thick stick head 3301.2, and ultimately classified peppermint oil column subheadings 3301.2400.
Reference to the answer: 2852.0000
    Analysis: retail packaging as antimicrobial agents for the treatment of syphilis with iodide of mercury is both a mercury inorganic compounds (chemical composition), is the retail packaging of the drugs (use), access to classes, the chapter title should be classified as the sixth class of chemical industry and related industrial products, as the former seems to be classified in Chapter 28 Inorganic chemicals …: Chapter 30 drugs may be classified as the latter. Related items in the two chapters 28.52 mercury, inorganic or organic compounds and 30.04 of the therapeutic or prophylactic uses drugs (not including the heading 30.02,30.05 or 30.06 of the goods), in measured doses (including those made of skin intake form) or for retail sale. Access to notes, to decide whether it should be classified as which ones. VI as defined in Note l and 2 that meet the requirements of the goods of heading 28.44,28.45 provisions (other than radioactive ores), should be classified as the two items not classified catalog of other items: the rest. Goods where the goods of heading 28.43,28.46 or 28.52 provisions, shall be classified in these two items not classified to the other items in this category. Radioactive chemical element, radioisotopes other than the goods (whether inorganic or organic, whether or not chemically defined, fixed dosages or retail packaging, can fall into this class or other items subject to the Harmonized System), can be classified goods of heading 28.43,28.46 or 28.52 shall be classified 28.43,28.46 or 28.52. Can determine the title of goods to be classified in heading 28.52 mercury, inorganic or organic compounds.
    3, refer to the answer: 3707.9010
    Resolution: microfilm rinse agent is photographic supplies, and access to classes, the chapter title should be classified as Class 6 chemical industry and related industrial products of Chapter 37 Photographic or cinematographic goods. Goods of this question is the retail packaging, retail packaging items of priority classified provisions pursuant to VI as defined in Note 2: In addition to as otherwise provided in Note l, where according to a certain dose or as retail packaging classified in heading 30.04 , 30.05,30.06,32.12,33.03,33.04,33.05,33.06,33.07,35.06,37.07 and 38.08 of the goods, should be grouped under into the above items, other items not classified in this catalog, microfilm rinse agent should be given priority included in the "photographic chemical agents (does not include polishing paint, glue, adhesives and similar preparations); photography unmixed production crystal , quantitative packaging or retail packaging for immediate use "column name heading 37.07. Thus classified as "other" column name of a thick stick head 3707.9, and ultimately classified rinse photographic film and photo out of the three thick stick head 3707.9010.
    4, refer to the answer: 3004.2090
    Resolution: erythromycin ointment drug treatment or prevention of disease. Access to classes, the chapter headings to be classified in Chapter 30 of the sixth class of the chemical industry and related industrial products drugs. Related items in chapter 30.03 of two or two or more constituents which have a mixture of medical treatment or prophylactic medicines (excluding goods of heading 30.02,30.05 or 30.06), not in measured doses or made of the retail packaging and 30.04 for therapeutic or prophylactic medicines (excluding goods of heading 30.02,30.05 or 30.06), in measured doses (including made of the skin form of intake) or system into the retail packaging. Goods of this question specifications for a small paperback, it is obvious to belong in measured doses, it should be classified in heading 30.04. Erythromycin is a common antibiotic (macrolide) drugs, does not belong to penicillin (heterocyclic class of antibiotics) and streptomycin (carbohydrate antibiotics) class, should be classified to the column names containing other antibiotics 3004.2 thick stick head, and ultimately classified as "other" column name three thick stick head 3004.2090.
    Reference to the answer: 2937.2100
    Resolution: hydrocortisone cortical steroid hormones present in the adrenal cortex, a very important role since the body s metabolism, also known as adrenocorticotropic hormone or adrenal cortical lipid alcohol. The hormones can be grouped into two chapters, Chapter 29 as the original drug (not in measured doses or retail packaging) should be classified as organic chemicals as drugs (in measured doses or retail packaging) should be normalized as a Drug into Chapter 30. Goods of this title hydrocortisone (not with a fixed dose, non-retail packaging) is the former should be classified in Chapter 29. Related items for 29.37 natural or synthetic reproduction of the hormone., And thus classified as steroid hormones and their derivatives and structural analogues "column a thick stick head 2937.2 ultimately classified" loose, hydrocortisone dehydrogenation of cortisone and prednisolone column subheadings 2937.2100.
    As long as the candidates have this question to the appropriate product knowledge, hydrocortisone, and as the column names in the subheadings in the classification of hydrocortisone is not difficult. 6, the reference answer: 3307.4900
    Resolution: car air freshener is indoor for perfuming or deodorizing products. Access to classes, the chapter title should be classified in Chapter 33 of the sixth class of the chemical industry and related industrial products Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery, cosmetic or toilet. Priority classified according to VI as defined in Note 2 provides that: In addition to in Note 1 as otherwise provided, where classified items according to a certain dose or as a retail packaging 30.04,30.05,30.06,32. 12,33.03,33.04,33.05,33.06,33.07,35.06,37.07 and 38.08 of the goods should be included in the above items, rather than the classified catalog Other items: Chapter 33 Chapter Note 3 items 33. O3 to 33.07 applicable to the provisions of goods: The main suitable for those items listed in the use of the retail packaging production crystal, regardless of whether mixed (essential oil aqueous distillates and aqueous solutions). Retail packaging, car air freshener should be classified as "shaving preparations, body deodorants, bath preparations, depilatories and other items of perfumery, cosmetic or toilet preparations not elsewhere specified or included; indoor deodorants, whether or not not perfumed or having disinfectant "column name heading 33.07, and thus included in the final classified as" casual indoor fragrant or deodorizing products, including religious rituals with incense head of the column name of a thick stick 3307.4 column I head 3307.4900.
    7 reference answer: 3208.9010
    Resolution: polyurethane saturated synthetic high polymers, soluble in volatile organic solvents can do the paint to use the title of goods soluble in volatile organic solvents in the polyurethane, polyurethane accounted for 45% of the total weight of the solution, when as a coating, may wish to under the sixth category of Chapter 32 of the tanning dyeing extracts; tannins and their derivatives; dyes, pigments and other coloring matter; paints and varnishes … seems to be classified as saturated synthetic high polymers into Chapter 39 Plastics and articles thereof Chapter VII of the class. Related items in the two chapters were 32.08 based on synthetic polymers or chemically modified natural polymers as the basic ingredients of paints and varnishes (including enamels and lacquers), dispersed or dissolved in non-aqueous media …… and 39 .09 in primary forms Amino-resins, phenolic resins and polyurethanes. Whether it should be classified as which items? According to the provisions of Section 32 Chapter 4: items 32.08 including soluble volatile organic solvent solution of the products listed by the items 39.0l to 39.13 (except glue cotton) But the weight of the solvent must be over the weight of the solution 50%, and Chapter 39, Chapter Note 2 (5) provides: Chapter 39 does not include any of the products listed items 39.0l to 39.13 soluble in volatile organic solvent solution ( plastic except cotton), but the weight of the solvent must be more than 50% of the weight of the solution (product 32.08). Can determine the goods of this question should be classified in heading 32.08, and then classified as "other" column the name of a thick stick head, and ultimately classified as polyurethane compounds as basic constituents, "the head of the column names of three thick stick 3208.9010.
    8, reference to the answer: 3808.9119
Analysis: Anti-mosquito aerosol chemical industrial products, access to class, chapter title should be classified as the sixth class of chemical industry and related industrial products. Priority classified according to VI as defined in Note 2 provides that: In addition to in Note 1 as otherwise provided, where classified items according to a certain dose or as a retail packaging 30.04,30.05,30.06,32. 12,33.03,33.04,33.05,33.06,33.07,35.06,37.07 and 38.08 of the goods should be included in the above items, not classified to this day recorded Other items: the goods of this question should be classified as disinfectants and similar products, retail and shape, packaged for retail sale or as preparations and finished products (for example, by sulfur handling of the tape, insecticide wicks, candles and catch fly paper) "column heading 38.08. Thus classified as "other" column name, a thick stick head 3808.9 dollars and those to the name "pesticides" thick stick head 3808.9l, and then classified as "retail packaging" name three thick stick the head 3808.91l, ultimately classified as "other" column names four thick stick head 3808.9119.
9, reference to the answer: 3204.1300
    Resolution: dyes make textile fibers or other dye substances in solid colored organic compounds. Access to classes, the chapter title should be classified as the sixth class of Chapter 32 of the tanning dyeing extracts: tannins and their derivatives: dyes, pigments and other coloring matter; paints and varnishes … Organic synthetic dyes are synthetic organic coloring dye cation to the basic dyes for acrylic dye package varieties. 50 kg packaging means a non-retail packaging, should be non-retail packaging, synthetic organic coloring heading 32.04, and thus classified as "synthetic organic coloring …" column names of a thick stick, and ultimately classified to basic dye column thick stick head 3204.1300.
    Correctly classified the premise of this question is to find out the cationic dye basic dye.
    10, refer to the answer: 3405.1000
    Resolution: shoe polish for shoes clean agent. Impregnated shoe polish, foam rubber, sponge rubber bearing shoe polish classified or categorized by shoe polish? Access to the class, chapter headings, the sixth class of chemical industry and related industrial products should be classified as a clean agent 34 Chapter … smooth agent, candles and similar articles …: such as foam rubber should be classified as Class VII, Chapter 40 Rubber and articles thereof. Chapter 34 Chapter related items "clean agent for footwear, furniture, flooring, body, glass or metal, scouring cream, cleanser and similar products (including the use of such preparations impregnated, coated or covered paper, wadding, felt tires, non-woven fabric, foam or sponge rubber) but does not include items 34.04 wax column name 34.05. Clear that because the items subject to the provisions of the sponge rubber including impregnated with shoe polish. Impregnated in shoe polish, foam rubber should eventually be classified as similar preparations for footwear or leather polishing agents name a thick stick head 3405.1000. 11, refer to the answer: 3403.1100
    Resolution: lubricants, containing large amounts of organic surfactants and mineral oil (mineral oil is less than 50% of the total weight) is mineral oil preparations (raw materials), lubricants (by purpose). Access to class, chapter headings, as the former, it seems to be classified in Chapter 27 of the fifth class of mineral fossil fuels, mineral oils and their distillation products: bituminous substances; mineral waxes; as the latter may be classified sixth class of chemical industry and related industrial products Chapter 34 Soap, organic surface-active agents, detergents, lubricants …. Other items not elsewhere specified or included products related items in the two chapters were the oil and the oil obtained from bituminous minerals, other than crude; the oil as the basic ingredients (by weight not less than 70%). Column name items 27.10 and lubricants (including lubricant for cutting oil preparations, bolt or nut release the agent, anti-rust or anti-corrosion preparations and mold release agents) and for textile materials, leather, fur or other material that grease treatment preparations, but does not include petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals, as the basic ingredients (by weight of not less than 70%) preparations column heading 34.03. We know that in the mineral oil content of the product in line with the requirements of heading 34.03, it should be classified in heading 34.03. Thus classified as "containing petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals" column … thick stick head 3403.1, and ultimately included in the column names to the treatment of textile materials, leather, fur or other material preparations two thick stick head 3403.1100.
    12, refer to the answer: 3822.0090
    Resolve: "certified reference materials is accompanied by a certificate of reference for the certificate indicates the reference attribute indicators to determine these indicators method and related to each indicator to determine the degree, apply to such reference on the analysis, calibration and comparison . Certified reference materials include: containing the analyte of additional reference materials, determine concentration; not a mixture of specific composition to determine the concentration of (such as milk protein and fat content): natural or synthetic, has identified a specific ratio (such as tensile strength, specific gravity). Chapter 38 provisions of Chapter Note 2: can be classified in Chapter 28 or Chapter 29 of the certified reference materials to be classified in Chapter 28 or Chapter 29; other certified reference materials, if both can be classified in heading 38. 22 can be classified as a catalog of other items, priority should be classified in heading 38.22. The coffee mate coffee mate accompanied by a certificate of certified reference materials (to determine the components) are both classified in heading 38.22 but also can be classified as goods of heading 21.06 so should be classified as priority "attached to the lining diagnostic or laboratory reagents on the back of the ……: Certified reference column name heading 38.22. Eventually classified in subheading 3822.0090.
    13, refer to the answer: 2939.2000
    Resolution: alkaloids are a class of organic alkaline substances present in the organism, mainly present in plants, also known as alkaloids. Alkaloids, because of the difficulty of their chemical composition and structure named so many plant sources named often whichever transliteration. The goods of this title alkali quinine is an alkaloid, is a white crystalline or amorphous powder to distill out from the skin of the cinchona tree and other plants to cure disease by the treatment of disease, also known as cinchona. Access to classes, the chapter title should be classified as the sixth class of chemical industry and related industrial products, Chapter 29 organic chemicals, sub-chapter … plant alkaloid …. And then natural or reproduced by synthesis, alkaloids and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives column heading 29.39, the final column of cinchona alkaloids machine and its derivatives and their salts classified in subheading 2939.2000. Products classified in heading 29.39 under the provisions of the Chapter 29 Chapter Note l (2) can be chemically defined, that can not be pure substance, the classification of goods in this title from the purity of restrictions.
    14, refer to the answer: 3105.1000
    Resolution: sodium nitrate as the oxidant manufacture of potassium nitrate, explosives, picric acid, dyes and other raw materials, but also for enamel, glass industry, dye industry, medicine, agriculture as fertilizer. Sodium nitrate can be used in medicine with the inorganic chemical raw materials, is also commonly used nitrogen fertilizer. Access to classes, chapter headings as the former seems to be classified in Chapter 28 Inorganic chemicals; 3l chapter of fertilizer may be classified as the latter. The two chapters related items are 28.34 nitrite; nitrate and 31.02 of mineral chemical fertilizers, nitrogenous and 31.05 nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium two or three of the fertilizing elements of mineral fertilizers or chemical fertilizers : other fertilizer: tablets or similar forms or in packages of a gross weight not more than 10 kg in this chapter the goods. Notes, access to two chapters from Chapter 28 Chapter Note 3 (3) informed that the Chapter 28 Chapter 31 Chapter Note 2, 3, 4 or 5 as described in the product, while sodium nitrate 3l Chapter one of the products described in Note 2, so this question is not the goods of Chapter 28; from Chapter 31 Chapter Note 2 (1). ③ was informed that of heading 31.02 applies to the shape or packaging are not finished products head 31.05 belongs of goods. , In line with the headings 31.05 to the weight of this title merchandise in bags of 5 kg packaging, it should be classified as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium two or three fertilizing elements of mineral fertilizers or chemical fertilizers: fertilizers; system into tablets or similar forms or in packages of a gross weight over 10 kg in this chapter the goods "column name heading 31.05, and then classified as" in tablets or similar forms or in packages of a gross weight not more than 10 kilograms of this chapter, the goods "column the name of a thick stick head 3105.1000.
    Candidates should be noted that certain chemical products (whether or not pure), is obviously not used as a fertilizer, also included in the Chapter 31 (see Chapter Note 2 to 5), such as urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium sulphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; chemically defined inorganic compounds of certain elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer efficiency, even if used as a fertilizer, is not classified in Chapter 31 (see Chapter Note 2-5) and classified in Chapter 28 Inorganic chemicals, such as ammonium chloride, calcium nitrate, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium nitrate; any tablets or similar forms or in packages of a gross weight of not more than 10 kg of this chapter, the goods should be classified in subheading 3105.1000.
    15, refer to the answer: 3004.1011
    Resolution: ampicillin from the point of view of the chemical structure of organic chemicals belonging to the heterocyclic class of antibiotics, access to class, the title of the chapter seems to be classified in Chapter 29 of the sixth class of chemical industry and related industrial products organic chemicals; from the use of point of view is the role of drug treatment, may wish to be classified in Chapter 30 drugs. Chapter 29 Chapter Note 1 (3) two chapters within the relevant items were 29.4l and 30.04. The formulations of the goods of this title for injection obvious are drugs doses. Items in accordance with the provisions of VI as defined in Note 2, doses of 3004 takes precedence over all items of Chapter 29. Ampicillin injection to be classified in heading 30.04. Thus classified as "containing penicillin and penicillin derivatives of penicillanic acid structure or streptomycin and its derivatives, a thick stick head of column names 3004.1, and further into the head of the column name" penicillin "three thick stick 3004.101. The final column names classified 3004.1011
    Correctly classified the premise of this question is to understand the subject to the conditions, and sorting out the properties of ampicillin drug. 16, refer to the answer: 3402.2090
    Resolution: access, chapter headings, used as a detergent Silky net, to be classified in Chapter 34 of the sixth class of the chemical industry and related industrial products soap, organic surface active agents, detergents, lubricants, synthetic wax, prepared waxes, bright and clean agent … Related items in the chapter "organic surface-active agents (other than soap); surface-active preparations, washing preparations (including auxiliary washing preparations) and cleaning preparations, whether or not containing soap, other than products of heading 34.01, column heading 34.02. Thus classified as a thick stick head 3402.2 column names in retail packaging products, and ultimately classified as "other" column names of three thick stick head 3402.2090.
    17, refer to the answer: 3822.0090
    Resolution: test blood glucose kit, the functions of goods from the point of view of diagnostic reagents, access to class, title of the chapter Chapter 38 Miscellaneous chemical products should be classified as the sixth class of the chemical industry and related industrial products. Related items in the chapter to attached to the backing, diagnostic or laboratory reagents whether or not attached to the backing of the diagnostic or laboratory with the preparation of reagents, except for goods of headings 30.02 and 30.06: the test reference column name heading 38.22. Ultimately classified as "other" column names of three thick stick head 3822.0090.

1 Subject and Scope
    The rules of order the power Transformers (the said transformer) to run the basic requirements of, operation mode, operation and maintenance, not the normal operation and handling, and installation, maintenance, testing, and acceptance requirements.
    This procedure is applied voltage of 1kV and power transformers, reactors, arc suppression coil, voltage regulator, and other similar devices can be implemented by reference. Imported power transformer, generally based on the implementation of the procedures, if necessary, refer to the relevant provisions of the factory.
2 reference standards
    GB1094.1 ~ 1094.5 power transformer
    The GB6450 dry type power transformers
    GB6451 oil-immersed power transformers technical parameters and requirements
    GB7252 transformer oil dissolved gas analysis and to determine guidelines
    GB/T15164 ~ 1994 oil-immersed power transformer load guidelines
    GBJ148 electrical equipment installation engineering of power transformers, oil-immersed reactors, transformers, construction and acceptance of
    The DL400 protection and security automatic equipment technical regulations
    SDJ7 electrical equipment overvoltage protection Technical code for designing
    SDJ8 electrical equipment grounding design technical regulations
    SDJ9 electrical measuring instrumentation technical regulations
    SDJ2 substation design technical regulations
    DL/T573-95 power transformer maintenance guidelines
    DL/T574-95 have OLTC operation maintenance guidelines
3 basic requirements
3.1 protection, measurement, cooling device
3.1.1 The transformer should be installed in accordance with the provisions of the relevant standards of protection and measuring devices.
3.1.2 of oil-immersed transformer body safety protection devices, cooling devices, oil protection device, the temperature measuring device and the fuel tank and accessories, should be consistent with the requirements of GB6451.
    The dry-type transformer installation shall comply with the technical requirements.
3.1.3 The transformer with fuse protection, the fuse must meet the performance of the system short-circuit capacity, sensitivity and selectivity requirements. Graded insulation transformer fuse protection, which the neutral point must be connected directly to ground.
3.1.4 of the oil-immersed transformer with gas relay, no increase in the slope, should be installed so that the top cover 1% to 1.5% increase in slope along the direction of gas relay.
3.1.5 The transformer cooling device should meet the following requirements:
    (a) the provisions of the factory installation of all cooling devices;
    (b) forced oil circulation cooling system must have two independent power sources and can automatically switch. The work of a power failure should be automatically put into the standby power and audible and light signals;
    c forced oil circulation transformer, When resection fault cooler should be audible and light signals, and automatically (water can be manually) into a spare cooler;
    subsidiary (d) fan, water pump and pump motor should be overload, short circuit and open-phase protection; should monitor device of the pump motor rotation direction;
    e water cooler pump should be installed in the cooler into the oil side, and to ensure that in any case in the cooler, oil pressure is greater than the hydraulic pressure of about 0.05MPa (manufacturer, unless otherwise provided). Cooler water side should turn on the water faucet;
    f forced oil circulation water-cooled transformers, cooler submersible pump outlet should be installed check valve;
    (g) forced oil circulation cooling of the transformer, should be able to temperature and (or) load control cooler switching.
3.1.6 transformer should be installed in accordance with the following provisions temperature measuring device: DL / T 572-95
    (a) should be measuring top oil temperature thermometer (column transformer optional Pack), unmanned substation transformer shall be equipped with the thermometer indicates the top oil temperature values;
    b.1000kVA and more oil-immersed transformer 800kVA and above the oil-immersed and 630kVA and above dry plant transformers, signal thermometer should be connected to the distant signal;
    c.8000kVA and above the transformer should be equipped with a remote temperature measurement devices;
    (d) strong oil circulating water-cooled transformers should be cooler import and export the installation of temperature measurement devices;
    (e) temperature, the thermometer tube seat should be filled with transformer oil;
    (f) of dry-type transformers should be factory regulations, the installation of temperature measurement equipment.
3.1.7 unattended substations to 20000kVA and transformers, installation of remote monitoring of load current and top oil temperature of the device.
    Forced oil circulation cooling of the transformer installed in the unmanned substation should ensure that the cooling system loses power, transformer temperature does not exceed the value of reliable measures, and included in the site procedures.
3.2 transformer running other requirements
3.2.1 and medium-sized transformer should be permanent or temporary lifting Bell facilities and the workplace.
3.2.2 Pressure relief devices shall be installed to ensure that the accident injector flow, and not injected into the cable trench, bus and other equipment, if necessary, should be obscured.
3.2.3 should transformer nameplate and indicate the run number and the phase flag.
    Installed in the transformer room or on stage, the column distribution transformer should be numbered and the hoisting of warning signs.
3.2.4 transformer operation, should be able to safely view the storage cabinet and casing oil level, top oil temperature, gas relays, as well as safe to take gas samples, as necessary, the installation of fixed ladders.
3.2.5 Room (holes) to install the transformer should be adequate ventilation, avoid excessive transformer temperature.
Transformer rooms, equipped with mechanical ventilation, mechanical ventilation is stopped, should be issued a distant signal. The ventilation system of the transformer should not normally be connected with other ventilation systems.
3.2.6 transformer room doors should be flame-retardant or noncombustible materials, and should be locked. Shall be marked with the name and number of the transformer on the door, the door should be linked to "stop, high-voltage danger" signs.
3.2.7 installation of oil-immersed power transformers place should be the design rules of order set the fire control facilities and accident oil storage facilities, and maintain good condition.
3.2.8 installed in the transformer of the magnitude of intensity for seven and above areas should consider the following shock measures:
    a transformer chassis in orbit;
    (b) the transformer casing and soft wire connection should be appropriate to relax; and hard-wire connection should be appropriately extended transitional soft connection;
    c when the separate layout of the cooler and transformer, transformers shall be approved by the valve, flexible joints, connecting pipes and cooler connected;
    (d) The transformer should be equipped with shock-type gas relay;
    e column transformer chassis with the bracket fixed, the upper part of the column fastened.
3.2.9 when the actual short-circuit of the transformer where the apparent capacity of more than GB1094.5 specified in table 2 the value of the order to the factory requirements; should take measures to limit short-circuit current in transformer. The time of the transformer protection action should be less than under short-circuit heat capacity of the duration.
3.2.10 such as installed on the transformer online monitoring devices reflect the insulation of the electrical signals collected by the sensor, and to maintain reliable grounding. The collected oil dissolved gas samples of the device should have a good sealing performance.
3.3 The technical documentation
3.3.1 transformers in operation before the construction units are required to run the unit transferred to the following technical documents and drawings.
3.3.1.1 new equipment required to pay after the completion of installation:
    (a) provided by the manufacturer instructions, drawings and factory test report;
    (b) body, the cooling device and accessories (casing, Transformers, tap, gas relays, pressure relief valves and instrumentation, etc.) in the installation of the transfer of the test report, inspection and record the body of the crane inspection ;
    c to install the whole process (according to the relevant provisions of the GBJ148 and manufacturing facilities) records;
    (d) the transformer cooling system, the installation of the load voltage regulation devices, control and protection circuit built drawings;
    (e) oil testing and chromatographic analysis of records;
    (f) list of spare parts.
3.3.1.2 maintenance required to pay after the completion of:
    a transformer and ancillary equipment maintenance reasons and the whole process of maintenance records;
    (b) transformer and ancillary equipment, test records;
    c transformer drying records;
    (d) transformer oil tests, chromatographic analysis, oil treatment records.
3.3.2 Each transformer should have the following content file:
    a transformer biographical card;
    (b) the installation after the completion of the transfer of all files;
    c overhaul after the transfer of documents;
    (d) the preventive test records;
    (e) transformer protection and measuring devices, calibration records;
    (f) Oil and refueling records;
    g. other test records and inspection records;
    (h) transformer accidents and abnormal operation (such as over-temperature, gas relay, export, short circuit, and a serious over-current) record.
3.3.3 Transformer transfer of other units, must be the technical file of the transformer shall be handed over.
4-transformer operating mode
4.1 General operating conditions
4.1.1 transformer operating voltage should not generally exceed 105% of the rated voltage of the running tap. For special use (for example, the active power of the transformer can circulate in any direction), allows to run in does not exceed 110% of rated voltage, current and voltage relationship between the absence of special requirements, when the load current is the rated current of the K (K ≤ 1) times, according to the following formula to restrict the voltage U
 (1)
    Shunt reactors, coil, voltage regulator and other equipment to allow the voltage to run multiple and time, according to the manufacturer s requirements.
4.1.2 no excitation voltage transformer to change the operation of the tap position within the rated voltage range of ± 5% of its rated capacity the same. -7.5%  and -10% tap its capacity according to the manufacturer s requirements; such as specified by the manufacturer, the capacity should be reduced by 2.5% and 5%.
    OLTC transformer tap position of capacity, according to the manufacturer s requirements.
4.1.3 The oil-immersed transformer top oil temperature should not generally exceed the requirements in Table 1 (factory provisions specified by the manufacturer). When the coolant temperature is low, the top oil temperature is reduced accordingly. Natural circulation cooling the transformer top oil temperature is generally not often more than 85 ℃.
Table 1 oil-immersed transformer top oil temperature is generally limits
Cooling mode cooling medium maximum temperature (° C) maximum top oil temperature (℃)
Self-cooled natural circulation, air-cooled 4095
Forced oil circulation, air-cooled 4085
Forced oil circulation, water-cooled 3070
    Improve the structure or to change the cooling method of the transformer, as necessary, through the temperature rise test to determine its load capacity.
4.1.4 Dry-type transformer temperature limits according to the manufacturer s requirements.
4.1.5 transformer three-phase unbalanced load, you should monitor the maximum phase current.
    The wiring for YN, yn0 in large and medium-sized transformer allows the neutral line current, according to the factory and the relevant provisions. Connection Y, yn0 (or of YN, yn0) and Y-Zn11 (or YN, zn11) distribution transformers, the allowed values ​​of the neutral line current, respectively 25% and 40% of the rated current, or by the manufacturer requirements .
4.2 Transformer operation mode under different load conditions
4.2.1 The oil-filled transformer in the run-time under different load conditions, generally according to GB / T × × × × oil-immersed power transformer load guidelines (hereinafter referred to as load guidelines) regulations. Transformer thermal characteristics calculation according to data provided by the manufacturer. Factory data, can be used to load the guide is second to the data presented in Table 2.
4.2.2 Classification of transformers, the load guide the transformer is divided into three categories:
    a distribution transformer. Voltage of 35kV and below, three-phase rated capacity of 2500kVA and below, single-phase rated capacity of 833kVA and less, with separate windings, natural circulation cooling of the transformer.
    (b) medium-sized transformers. Three-phase rated capacity not exceeding the capacity of 100MVA or each column not exceed 33.3MVA, with independent windings and rated short-circuit impedance (Z) in line with (2) requires the transformer.
 (2)
Style – the number of windings of the core columns;
      – The rated capacity, the MVA.
    The autotransformer equivalent capacity, consider the equivalent capacity is calculated see the Appendix.
    c large transformer. Three-phase rated capacity above 100MVA, or greater than the rated short-circuit impedance (2) calculate the value of the transformer.
4.2.3 Load the classification of the state.
    a normal cyclical load:
    Periodic load, the higher the ambient temperature of a certain period of time, or exceed the rated current, but other times the ambient temperature is low, or lower than the rated current of the compensation. Starting from the point of view of thermal aging, put is equivalent to the rated load and design ambient temperature.
    (b) first aid long-term cyclical load:
    Transformer for a long time in the ambient temperature is high, or exceed the rated current run. This operating mode may last weeks or months, will lead to accelerated aging of the transformer, but does not directly endanger the safety of the insulation.
    c short-term emergency load:
    Transformer short period of time substantially over given the current run. This load may lead to the winding hot spot temperature reaches dangerous levels, so that the dielectric strength of a temporary decline.
4.2.4 provisions for the values ​​of load factor.
    a two-winding transformer: to take any of a load current of the winding unit value;
    (b) three-winding transformer: to take the load current per unit value of the largest winding unit value;
    autotransformer: Take each side of the winding and winding, the per unit value of load current per unit value of the winding.
4.2.5 The load current and temperature limits.
    The maximum load current and temperature limits under various load conditions shown in Table 2, the top oil temperature limit of 105 ° C. When the factory over-running current defined, shall comply with the provisions of the factory.
Table 2 transformer load current and temperature limits
Load type distribution transformers medium-sized power transformer large power transformers
Positive
Often
Week
Period
Sex
Negative
Load
 Current (unit value) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3
 Hot spot temperature and insulating materials
Metal parts in contact temperature (° C) 140 140 140 120
Long-term first aid cyclical load current (unit value) 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.3
 Hot spot temperature and insulating materials
Metal parts in contact temperature (° C) 150 140 140 130
Short-term first aid load current (unit value) 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.5
 Hot spot temperature and insulating materials
Metal parts in contact temperature (° C) 160 160 160
4.2.6 Annex and the limit of the circuit components.
    Transformer carrier attachments and external circuit components should be able to meet the excess to the requirements of constant current operation, limit the load when any attachments and loop components can not meet the requirements, should load capacity of the smallest accessories and components.
    Transformer structure can not meet the requirements of over constant current operation should be based on the specific circumstances to determine whether to limit the load and the degree of restriction.
4.2.7 The normal cyclical load operation.
4.2.7.1 transformer at the rated conditions of use throughout the year according to the operation of the rated current.
The 4.2.7.2 transformer allowed in the case of the average relative aging rate is less than or equal to 1, periodically over constant current operation.
4.2.7.3 When the transformer has a more serious defects (such as the cooling system is not normal, a serious oil spill, local overheating, oil dissolved gas analysis results abnormal) or insulation weakness should not be exceeded given the current run.
4.2.7.4 normal cyclical load operating mode, over K2 and time given the current run-time, allowing the load factor, according to the load guide one of the following methods to determine:
    According to the diagram of the data and the actual duty cycle of the thermal characteristics of the specific transformer, using the calculation method of the second temperature;
    (b) check the third Chapter 15 Figure 9 ~ 12 curve.
4.2.8 Long-term first aid cyclical load operation
4.2.8.1 long-term first aid cyclical load at run time will shorten the life of the transformer, in varying degrees, should minimize the chance of this operation mode; must be as short as possible over the constant current operation, reducing over-scheduled multiples of the current conditions specified by the manufacturer put into standby cooler.
4.2.8.2 When the transformer has a more serious defects (such as the cooling system is not normal, a serious oil spill, local overheating, oil dissolved gas analysis results abnormal) or insulation weakness should not be exceeded given the current run.
4.2.8.3 long-term first aid cyclical load operation, the average relative aging rate is greater than an even much greater than 1. Over given the current load factor K2 and time, according to the load guide one of the following methods to determine:
    According to the thermal characteristics of the specific transformer data and the actual load diagram, the calculation method of the second temperature meter
Count;
    (b) check third Chapter 16 aid cycle load table to table 7 to 30.
4.2.8.4 in the long-term first aid cyclical load during operation, should be the load current record and calculate the average relative rate of aging of the running period.
4.2.9 short-term emergency load run
4.2.9.1 Short-term first aid load run, the relative aging rate is much larger than 1, the winding hot spot temperature may reach the level of risk. When this happens, should put in all, including the spare cooler (factory except as otherwise provided), and to compress the load, reducing the time, usually no more than 0.5h. When the transformer was seriously flawed or insulation weakness should not be exceeded given the current run.
4.2.9.2 0.5h short-term first aid load permitted load factor K2 in Table 3
4.2.9.3 In the short-term first aid load operation, the load current records should be detailed. And calculation of the running period of relative aging rate.
4.2.10 of the normal dry-type transformers periodic load, long-term first aid cyclical load and load running in the short-term first aid requirements, the requirements specified by the manufacturer and the corresponding guide.
4.2.11 unmanned substation transformer over constant current operation mode, depending on the particular situation in the field of order provisions.
Table 3 the 0.5h short-term first aid table of load load factor K2
Transformer
Load factor in the type of emergency load
K1 environmental temperature
℃
  403020100-10 -20 -25
Distribution transformers
(Cooling mode ONAN) 0.7 1.95 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
 0.8 1.90 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
 0.9 1.84 1.95 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
 1.0 1.75 1.86 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
 1 1.65 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
 1.2 1.55 1.68 1.84 1.95 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
Medium-sized transformer
(Cool way ONAN
, Or ONAF) 0.7 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
 0.8 1.76 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
 0.9 1.72 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
 1.0 1.64 1.75 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
 1.1 1.54 1.66 1.78 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
 1.2 1.42 1.56 1.70 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
Medium-sized transformer
(Cool way OFAF
, Or OFWF) 0.7 1.50 1.62 1.70 1.78 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
 0.8 1.50 1.58 1.68 1.72 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
 0.9 1.48 1.55 1.62 1.70 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
 1.0 1.42 1.50 1.60 1.68 1.78 1.80 1.80 1.80
 1.1 1.38 1.48 1.58 1.66 1.72 1.80 1.80 1.80
 1.2 1.34 1.44 1.50 1.62 1.70 1.76 1.80 1.80
Medium-sized transformer
(Cooling mode
OFAF or OFWF) 0.7 1.45 1.50 1.58 1.62 1.68 1.72 1.80 1.80
 0.8 1.42 1.48 1.55 1.60 1.66 1.70 1.78 1.80
 0.9 1.38 1.45 1.50 1.58 1.64 1.68 1.70 1.70
 1.0 1.34 1.42 1.48 1.54 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.70
 1.1 1.30 1.38 1.42 1.50 1.56 1.62 1.65 1.70
 1.2 1.26 1.32 1.38 1.45 1.50 1.58 1.60 1.70
Large Transformer
(Cooling mode
OFAF or OFWF) 0.7 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
 0.8 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
 0.9 1.48 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
 1.0 1.42 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
 1.1 1.38 1.48 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
 1.2 1.34 1.44 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
Large Transformer
(Cooling mode
ODAF or ODWF) 0.7 1.45 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
 0.8 1.42 1.48 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
 0.9 1.38 1.45 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
 1.0 1.34 1.42 1.48 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
 1.1 1.30 1.38 1.42 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
 1.2 1.26 1.32 1.38 1.45 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
4.3 Other equipment operating conditions
    Series reactors, earthing transformers, voltage regulator and other equipment over the limits of constant current operation and load charts, according to the manufacturer s requirements. Arc suppression coil grounding transformer in the system single-phase ground running time and the top oil temperature should not exceed the provisions of the factory.
4.4 forced cooling transformer operating conditions
4.4.1 forced oil circulation cooling transformer to run, must be put into the cooler. The cooler should not put too much load and light load (no-load state to allow short-term you do not vote). The corresponding number of units for a variety of load into cooler according to the manufacturer s requirements. Cooler automatic device should maintain a normal temperature and (or) load switching.
4.4.2 The oil-immersed (natural cycle) air-cooled and dry air-cooled transformers, the fan stops working, allowing the load and running time, shall be manufacturer s requirements. Oil-immersed air-cooled transformer top oil temperature does not exceed 65 ° C when the cooling system failure to stop the fan, allowing with a rated load operation.
4.4.3 forced oil circulation air cooling and forced oil circulation water-cooled transformer when cooling system failure to remove all the cooler, allowing the rated load and run 20min. Such as 20min after top oil temperature has not yet reached 75 ℃, is allowed to rise to 75 ° C, but the most time to run in this state shall not exceed 1h.
5 transformer operation and maintenance
5.1 Transformer operation monitoring
5.1.1 installation in power plants and substations, transformers, and distant monitoring devices in the unattended substation transformer, should always monitor the instructions of the instrument, grasp the transformer operation. Monitoring instrument meter reading frequency from the scene of order requirements. When the transformer exceeds the rated current is running, you should make records.
    Unattended substation transformer voltage, current and top oil temperature, and had reached maximum top oil temperature recorded in each periodic inspection. Three-phase current distribution transformers should be measured during the maximum load and try to maintain the basic balance. The measurement period by site procedures.
Routine inspections to check for 5.1.2, transformers, and can refer to the following provisions:
    a power plants and substations, transformers, every day at least once; a week at least once a night patrol;
    (b) unattended substations content capacity of 3150kVA and above the transformer at least every 10 days, 3150kVA following monthly at least once.
    c.2500kVA and distribution transformers installed in the indoor monthly at least once, outdoor (including suburban and rural) at least once quarterly.
5.1.3 in the following circumstances deal with transformers for special inspections to check, increase the number of visits to check:
    a new device or transformer repair, alteration and put into operation within 72 h;
    (b) a serious defect;
    Meteorological mutations (such as high winds, fog, snow, hail, cold wave, etc.);
    (d) storm season, especially after the thunderstorm;
    (e) the hot season, the peak load period;
    f transformer first aid load operation.
5.1.4 Transformer daily visits to check general include the following:
    a transformer oil temperature and the thermometer should be normal, oil conservator oil level should be the temperature corresponding to various parts of the oil leakage, oil spills;
    (b) casing oil level should be normal, external casing without damage cracks, heavily oiled, discharge traces and other anomalies;
    c transformer sound is normal;
    (d) cooler feel temperature should be close to the normal fan, pump, pump operation, the oil flow relay work
As normal;
    (e) water cooler oil pressure should be greater than the water pressure (the manufacturer, unless otherwise provided);
    (f) breathers in good condition, dry sorbent;
    (g) lead connectors, cables, busbars should be no heat signs;
    h pressure release, the safety of the airway and explosion-proof membrane should be intact;
    i. OLTC tap position and power indication should be normal;
    j. gas relay should be no gas;
    k the control box and the secondary terminal box should be locked, no moisture;
    l The external surface of the dry-type transformers should be of the contamination;
    m transformer room doors, windows, lighting should be in good condition, housing watertight, temperature is normal;
    n-site procedures in accordance with the structural characteristics of the transformer added other items of the check.
5.1.5 respond to the transformer for the periodic inspection (inspection cycle from the scene procedures Provisions), and increase the content of the following checks:
    a shell and box along there should be no abnormal heat;
    (b) all parts of the ground should be in good condition; necessary, measurement of core and ground current clamp;
    c forced oil circulation cooling of the transformer should be a test of the automatic switching of the cooling device;
    (d) water cooler water from the faucet to check should be no traces of oil;
    (e) the action of the load voltage regulating devices should be normal;
    (f) all signs should be complete and obvious;
    g various protective devices should be complete, good;
    (h) a variety of thermometer should be in the test cycle, the over-temperature signal should be accurate and reliable;
    i fire facilities should be complete and in good condition;
    transformer ventilation in the room (holes) should be in good condition;
    k oil storage pools and discharges of oil facilities should be kept in good condition.
5.1.6 The following maintenance of the project cycle, depending on the circumstances in the field of order provides that:
    (a) to remove water and dirt in the sewage collection within the storage cabinet;
    (b) washing the dirt clogging affect the cooling of the cooler;
    c replacement of adsorbent moisture and oil purifier;
    (d) an external transformer (including casing) cleaning;
    (e) of the control box and the secondary circuit inspection and cleaning.
5.2 transformer and put into operation and outage
5.2.1 before Commissioning transformer, the duty officer should be carefully examined to confirm the transformers and protective devices in good condition, with live operating conditions. Whether the foreign body and pay attention to external, temporary grounding wire is removed, tap the correct position, the valve opening and closing correctly. Low temperature and put into operation, the transformer should prevent the respirator due to ice blocked.
5.2.2 use the standby transformer should be ready to be put into operation. Long-term outage should be regularly charged, and put into the cooling device. The case of forced oil circulation transformer load operation without charge, should turn into part of the cooler, run the number of units does not exceed the no-load specified by the manufacturer.
5.2.3 Transformers and put into operation and decommissioning operating procedures should be in the scene procedures, regulations, and subject to the following:
    a forced oil circulation transformer and put into operation should be gradually put into cooler in accordance with the load control number into the cooler; water cooler should start the pump, and then turn on the water system; power outage operation without water after stop pump; winter outages in the cooler water exhausted.
    (b) charging of the transformer should supply side protection device circuit breaker operation, outage should first stop the load side, the latter to stop the power supply side.
    The switch of the breaker can be used to isolate switching of 110kV and below, and the current does not exceed 2A no-load transformer; used to cut off the 20kV and above transformer isolation switch must be three-phase linkage and air arc angle; installed in the indoor isolation switch must be installed between each phase arc resistance of insulating partitions. If you can not meet the above requirements, and must be used to isolate the switching operation, subject to approved by the chief engineer of the unit.
    (d) allows switching to no-load distribution transformers and 66kV substation transformer fuses.
5.2.4 put into operation in the transformer should be GBJ148 2.10.1 and 2.10.3 provides that the trial run. Replacement after the winding of the transformer to carry out, the impact of closing for 3 times.
5.2.5 new clothes, repair, accident repair or oil change after the transformer, voltage is applied to stationary time should not be less than the following provisions:
    110kV and below 24h
    220kV and below 48h
    500kV and below 72h
In exceptional cases can not meet the above requirements, subject to the approval of the Chief Engineer of the unit.
    Transformers with oil conservator, charged drained casing elevated seat, radiator, oil purifier, the upper part of the residual air. Forced oil circulation transformer should turn on the pump, some time after the gas oil circulation drained. Open the pump transformer winding should be grounded to prevent oil flow from static to endanger the safety of operating personnel.
5.2.6 effectively grounded system of 110kV and above the neutral point, and put into operation or outage of transformer operation, the neutral point must be grounded. Inputs according to system need to decide whether the neutral point of disconnect.
5.2.7 The dry-type transformers during the outage and storage should prevent the insulation from moisture.
5.2.8 arc-suppression coil in operation, should it tap position consistent with the system operation, and the conduction well. The arc suppression coil switching system grounding phenomenon. Concern may not be used to isolate in the system neutral point displacement voltage higher than 0.5 times the phase voltage, arc suppression coil.
5.2.9 arc suppression coil of a transformer neutral point to switch to another, you must first disconnect and then switch arc suppression coil. May not be a neutral point of the two transformers at the same time received the neutral bus of an arc suppression coil.
5.3 Gas protection device run
5.3.1 transformer operation when gas protection device should be connected to the signal and tripping, OLTC gas protection should be connected to trip.
    Two transformers with a circuit breaker control, should be transferred when one of the spare, spare transformer in heavy gas change signal.
5.3.2 Transformer oil filtering, running up the oil, change the submersible pump or replace the purifier of the adsorbent, it should be re-gas divert signals, other protective devices should still pick the trip.
5.3.3 When the oil surface of the oil level of abnormal rise or respiratory anomalies, you need to play the open air or oil drain valve, first gas and change the received signal.
5.3.4 during the earthquake prediction should be based on the specific circumstances of the transformer and gas seismic performance of the relay to determine the operating mode of the heavy gas protection.
    The earthquake caused a Heavy Gas outage of transformers, transformers and gas protection before put into operation in response to the inspection and test, be sure no abnormal input.
5.4 transformer pressure relief device contact should be the role of signal
5.5 transformer tap changer operation and maintenance
5.5.1 excitation voltage transformer to transform tap repeatedly rotating in order to eliminate the contact on the oxide film and greasy. Confirm transform tap and locking, measure the DC resistance of the windings. Tap change must be recorded. 10kV and below transformers and arc suppression circle transform tap operation and measurement, but also in the field of order self-imposed.
5.5.2 Transformer OLTC operation shall comply with the following provisions:
    (a) step voltage regulator, while monitoring the location and voltage tap, the current changes;
    (b) single-phase transformer group and the three-phase transformer on-load tap-phase installation should be three-phase synchronous electric operation;
    OLTC transformer parallel operation, the regulator operation shall be held alternately step by step or simultaneously;
    (d) load tap changer and the excitation voltage transformer parallel operation, the tap voltage should try to
Nearly no excitation voltage regulating transformer tap position.
    (e) should check the difference between the rated voltage of system voltage and tap, to bring them into conformity with the provisions of 4.1.1.
5.5.3 Transformer OLTC maintenance, shall be manufacturer s requirements, specified by the manufacturer may refer to the following provisions:
    (a) run from 6 to 12 months or switch from 2000 to 4000, should be taken to switch the switch box in the oil sample for testing;
    (b) the new input tap switch, and put into operation after 1 to 2 years or 5000, the switch should be hanging out of the examination, since according to the actual situation to determine the inspection cycle;
    c running load tap switch or 5,000 to 10,000 times the breakdown voltage of insulating oil is lower than 25kV, replace the switch box of the insulating oil;
    (d) The operating mechanism should be kept in good condition.
    (e) long-term to reconcile the long-term unused tap position of OLTC blackout opportunity, several cycles operating between the highest and lowest tap.
5.5.4 In order to prevent severe overload or short circuit of the system, the switch in the switch, the installation of the current locking device should be in the OLTC control loop, the setting value does not exceed 1.5 times the transformer rated current.
5.6 Power Plant transformers, cleaning should be strengthened to prevent pollution flashover, sealing holes to prevent small animals caused a short circuit; shall be recorded details of the short circuit of the near zone.
5.7 transformers in parallel operation
5.7.1 The basic conditions of the transformer parallel operation:
    a. Connection Symbol;
    (b) voltage than the equivalent;
    c impedance voltage value equal.
    Impedance voltage ranges or voltage transformer than the ranges in the case of any one to meet the provisions of 4.2 of these regulations can also be in parallel operation.
    Impedance voltage transformers, may be appropriate to improve the high-impedance voltage transformer secondary voltage, capacity can take full advantage of parallel operation transformer.
5.7.2 newly installed or changes inside and outside the cable, transformers, parallel run must be approved phase.
5.7.3 power plant step-up transformer high voltage side trip should be to prevent the station transformer serious than the rated current operation. Auxiliary power switching operation should be to prevent non-over the same period.
5.8 transformers economic operation
5.8.1 Transformer number should be put into operation in accordance with the load conditions, starting from the principle of security, economic, and reasonable arrangements.
5.8.2 can be the reallocation of a load transformer should be considered reasonable to distribute the load so that the minimum total loss.
Normal operation and handling of the six transformers
Irregularities and processing in the 6.1 to run
6.1.1 duty officer found irregularities in the transformer operation, should seek to eliminate, as soon as possible and report a higher level and make a record.
6.1.2 The transformer is one of the following circumstances shall immediately outage, if the use of the standby transformer should be first put into operation:
    a transformer sound significantly increased, not normal, internal crackle;
    (b) severe oil or fuel injection, oil dropped to the limits of the instructions below the oil level of;
    c Casing serious damage and discharge;
    (d) transformer smoke fire.
6.1.3 When the occurrence of the failures that jeopardize the safety of the transformer, the transformer protective device tripping, the duty officer shall immediately transformer outage.
6.1.4 When the transformer near the equipment, fire, explosion or some other situation poses a serious threat on the transformer, the duty officer shall immediately transformer outage.
6.1.5 transformer temperature rise more than specified by the manufacturer or shown in Table 1 limits, the duty officer shall deal with the following steps to check:
    (a) check the transformer load and the cooling medium temperature, and at the same load and the cooling medium temperature under normal temperature check;
    (b) to check the temperature measuring device;
    c Check the transformer cooling device or transformer room ventilation.
    If the temperature of the reasons is due to the failure of the cooling system, and can not be in the running repairer should transformer outage to repair;
If you can not immediately outage repair, duty personnel shall be field Statutes to adjust the load on the transformer to allow the corresponding capacity under the operating temperature.
    Under normal load and cooling conditions, the transformer temperature is not normal and rising, after inspection that the temperature indicator is correct, then the transformer has an internal fault, you should immediately transformer outage.
    Transformer in the variety of over-current mode operation, the top oil temperature exceeds 105 ℃, it should immediately reduce the load.
6.1.6 transformer oil due to the low-temperature stagnant, you should not vote cooler, no-load operation, while monitoring the top oil temperature, and gradually increase the load until the input corresponding number of coolers and transferred to normal operation.
6.1.7 When found that the transformer oil surface than the oil temperature of the oil level should be significantly reduced, reasons should be identified. Fill oil shall comply with the provisions of this regulation 5.3.2, make up the oil from the transformer the lower part is prohibited.
6.1.8 transformer oil due to the rise in temperature may be above the oil level indication limit, you should put the oil caused by the identify is not a false oil level, oil level down to the oil temperature corresponding to the height, in order to avoid overflow oil.
6.1.9 core multi-point grounding, the ground current is large, you should arrange for the repair treatment. Defects to eliminate, you can take measures to limit the current to 100mA or so, and to strengthen surveillance.
6.1.10 system, single-phase ground surveillance arc suppression coil and connected with the arc suppression coil of the transformer operation.
6.2 Gas protection device action processing
6.2.1 Gas protection signal action should be immediately transformer inspection, identify the reason of the action, whether due to the accumulation of air, oil level reduce secondary circuit fault or caused by the transformer internal fault. Gas such as gas relay, you should record gas and observe the color of the gas and test whether the combustible, and to take gas samples and oil samples do chromatographic analysis to determine the nature of the failure of the transformer in accordance with the relevant regulations and guidelines.
    If the gas within the gas relay is a colorless, odorless and not flammable, chromatographic analysis and judgment of the air, the transformer can continue to run, and timely elimination of the defects of the inlet.
    If the gas is flammable or oil dissolved gas analysis of abnormal results should be comprehensive judgment to determine the transformer outage.
6.2.2 Tripping of gas protection, identify the cause to eliminate the fault may not be transformers in operation. To identify the reasons for the focus to consider the following factors make comprehensive judgments:
    (a) whether or shortness of breath or exhaust deficiencies;
    (b) protect and DC secondary circuit is normal;
    c transformer whether the appearance of apparent anomalies reflect the nature of the fault;
    (d) plot set in the gas relay the amount of gas, whether combustible;
    (e) in the gas relay, gas and oil dissolved gas chromatographic analysis of the results;
    (f) the necessary electrical test results;
    (g) transformer protection devices action.
6.3 transformer trip and fire-fighting
6.3.1 transformer trip, you should immediately investigate the cause. If the comprehensive judgment that the transformer tripping is not due to internal failure can be re-operational.
    If the transformer internal failure of the signs, for further examination.
6.3.2 transformer trip, you should immediately stop the pump.
6.3.3 transformer fire, you should immediately disconnect the power outage cooler, and take prompt fire fighting measures to prevent the spread of fire.
7 transformer installation, maintenance, testing and acceptance
7.1 transformer installation projects and requirements, should be GBJ148 in the first and the second chapter of the requirements of the manufacturer s specific requirements.
7.2 the operation of the transformer needs an overhaul and maintenance projects and requirements should be determined on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the following factors:
    a power transformer repair process guidelines recommended maintenance cycle and projects;
    (b) structural features, and manufacturing;
    c defects in the operation of its severity;
    (d) load conditions and insulation aging;
    (e) successive electrical test and insulating oil analysis results;
    f transformer failures and accidents;
    (g) the importance of the transformer.
7.3 Transformer OLTC needs an overhaul and maintenance projects and requirements should be determined on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the following factors:
    (a) there is a the OLTC run maintenance guidelines recommended maintenance cycle and project;
    (b) factory-related provisions;
    c action times;
    (d) the operation of existing defects and their severity;
    (e) successive electrical test and insulating oil analysis results;
    (f) the importance of the transformer.
7.4 transformer test cycle, the project and requirements, the provisions of the preventive testing procedures for electrical equipment.
7.5 the operation of the transformer need to dry in the following phenomena occurs through a comprehensive analysis to make judgments.
    a. converted to the tgδ values ​​under the same temperature to exceed the reference limit of the electrical equipment preventive testing procedures; compared to the previous measured value increased more than 30%;
    (b) discounted to the same temperature the insulation resistance value compared to the previous measured value is more than 30% reduction in the absorption and polarization index were lower than the reference limits of electrical equipment preventive testing procedures;
    (c) the transformer has obvious signs of water moisture.
The provisions of 2.10 and 7.6 new transformer installation and acceptance should be GBJ148 the manufacturer s requirements.
7.7 transformer repair after acceptance the press GB/T573 and electrical equipment preventive testing procedures requirements.
 
Appendix
The autotransformer The equivalent capacity
(Supplementary)
    This appendix applies to the rated capacity of 200MVA and the following three-phase autotransformer equivalent capacity to transform its equivalent capacity not exceeding 100MVA. Equivalent capacity of 100MVA between the corresponding short-circuit impedance from 25% linear to 15%.
    Up the three-phase transformer units in single-phase transformer, its rated capacity and the equivalent capacity of the applicable limits of no more than 66.6MVA / columns and 33.3MVA / column.
    Three-phase autotransformer equivalent transformation:
 
 
    Autotransformer transform the rated capacity of each column:
       
 
Where – the high side voltage (principal tapping);
      – Low-voltage side voltage;
      – Autotransformer rated capacity, the MVA;
      – Equivalent capacity, MVA;
      – Corresponding to the short-circuit impedance,%;
      – Corresponding to the short-circuit impedance,%;
      – Heart column number.

  Domestic plastic packaging film industry after 20 years of development, has formed an absolute scale, occupy an important

position in the packaging market, the building of the people, the economy has played a positive role. Be compared with the 1980

data: 1980 annual production of only 191,000 tons, the output value of 3 billion yuan, annual production to reach 4.65 million

tons in 2003, the output value reached 70 billion yuan, accounting for the packaging industry output value of 270 billion yuan in

26% of domestic plastic packaging film industry after 20 years of development, has formed a certainly range, occupy an important

position in the packaging market place, and played an active role in the construction of the people s economy.

Be compared with the 1980 data, the 1980 annual production of only 191,000 tons, the output value of 3 billion yuan, annual

production to reach 4.65 million tons in 2003, the output value reached 70 billion yuan, accounting for the packaging industry

output value of 270 billion yuan in 26%; industry, the level of equipment improve the non-stop, and some of them have reached the

the ancestors level of developed countries, the emergence of a number of new products, new skills, new material; agile market

demand growth, widespread application and rapid development, with an average annual growth rate of 12% in 2003 compared to 2002 an

increase of 16%; composite packaging substrate subdued scenes of long-term imports of biaxially oriented film of the occasion, the

annual export of film around 300,000 tons, earning $ 3,000,000,000.

Range above the number of enterprises agile development. Regulatory touch of plastic packaging material companies a total of more

than 8,000, there is a world film industry 2240, 4300 wire, rope, woven products, foam 500, 679, crates and containers. From the

recent industrial census figures, the higher the number, only Hebei East County there are 546 plastic companies, the production

ability of 100,000 tons.

Plastic packaging industry economic operating environment

A range of skills of innovation to promote the development of soft plastic film

The soft plastic film to a range of development trends. The biaxially oriented film of the fastest growing, on the one hand,

because the country has six companies of the BOPP Special production, accounting for 50% of the total demand to the the Dala film

speed of 350 ~ 400m/min requirements, out of the sustenance of foreign ocean; another production of new growth in skills aspects

of the introduction of the production line in 2003 at 10 million tons above; capital and national policy, the joint; innovation

has become the driving force of development of plastic packaging.

2, woven industry surrender to the difficulties and achieved gratifying results.

Plastic knitting and supporting the process of blow molding, composite, color printing, plate making, synchronous development,

improve the competitiveness in the international market, export volume grew to occupy the Asian American market.

The rapid development of plastic weaving machinery to promote the development of weaving products. Since 2003, the skill level of

the plastic drawing machine, circular loom, as well as supporting the construction of the improvement in the level have

differences, the emergence of a number of new products. Link unit of the new coating cylindrical plastic woven bag has been

available, the unit set compound, automatic cut waste, automatic punching sides of multicolor printing, shift the six processes of

folding and Twentysomething mouth, cutting skills as one , the provincial labor and materials, low cost and improving quality. On

the other hand, in more ways machinery enterprises for the international market, export volume growth, exports to the Philippines,

Peru, Jordan and other developed countries from the past, and then exported to South Korea, Brazil and the West, promising. The

reorganization of assets to enable enterprises to develop a strong non-stop.

Plastic containers (barrels, bottles, boxes) production agility to improve

(1) plastic film of polyethylene film (PE): embracing the low-density polyethylene film (LDPE), high density polyethylene film

(HDPE), linear low density polyethylene film (LLDPE). The largest amount of plastic film, accounted for about 30% of the total

consumption of film above, although the surface strength is not ideal, but it has good toughness, moisture resistance and sealing

performance, ease of processing, the cost is moderate, so The application is very common. Pre-press is necessary to hold the spark

processing of punishment or corona treatment to punish.

Polypropylene film (PP): points not stretch film and biaxially oriented film, not stretch film and PE compared with better

transparency, the light degrees, moisture resistance, heat resistance and oil resistance; mechanical strength, resistance to tear,

puncture resistance and good wear resistance; and non-toxic, odorless. Therefore widely used for packaging of food,

pharmaceuticals, textiles and other items. But its cold tolerance, 0-10 ° C crisp, solid can not be used for frozen food

packaging. High heat and has a good sealing performance, and therefore commonly used in cooking bag sealing layer.

Points of soft film and hard film of polyvinyl chloride film (PVC): soft film elongation, tear strength and resistance to cold,

easy printing and heat sealing can be made of a transparent film. Soft PVC film with the smell of the plasticizer, and plasticizer

moving out, and therefore can not normally be used in food packaging. But accepted the increase in plastic production can be used

for packaging food. Usually important for the industrial products and non-food packaging; hard film does not contain plasticizers

or plasticizer content rarely, the film crisp, good toughness, kink stable, good air tightness, Paul Hong and better therefore

unsuitable for moisture resistance, excellent printing performance can be obtained non-toxic film for candy kink packaging and

laminating of textiles, packaging and toiletry products, cigarettes and food packaging box, but the cold less brittle at low

temperatures for frozen food packaging material.
    a polystyrene film (PS): rarely used as a flexible packaging material
b, polyvinylidene chloride film (PVDC): a flexible, transparent, high isolation film. With excellent moisture resistance, air

tightness and security fragrance, and excellent resistance to strong acids, alkalis, chemicals and oil resistance. Important for

the production of composite films, it is properly used for the packaging of meat such as sausage, ham hot crunch.

The LED lamps transformation of getting into college, Hangzhou Tianchang primary school completed a green energy-efficient

lighting replacement construction, the city\\ s first all classrooms led strip lights to replace the ordinary fluorescent lighting

pilot schools, and one after another in the large-scale promotion of the other primary and secondary schools. Recently, low-carbon

energy Zhuhai colleges and universities. North University Zhuhai College campus transformation project of LED lights, the initial

142 LED energy saving lamps have been installed. Expected about a year and a half, the economic benefits of savings is equivalent

to the transformation of the cost. Along North University Zhuhai College students road, school buildings, tennis court reporter to

see the traditional lighting LED lamps to replace. School hydropower energy saving Zeng Yuan Long, the number of schools, energy

consumption, the school has been studying energy conservation. In recent years, LED lighting technology is maturing, and therefore

began to replace the traditional lighting, gradually changed to LED. The school has installed 142 LED lights, the main road of the

original 150-250W high pressure sodium lamps replaced with 58 LED lights, power is only 24W. In addition, the gymnasium, outdoor

tennis courts, public exposure blind spot replaced by LED lights. Students to reflect, LED and improved lighting effects, is not

irritating to the eyes, the important thing is energy saving. The responsible person said, LED lights lighting effects than the

traditional lamp, energy consumption is much lower. LED lamps installed by the school total investment of $ 350,000. Zeng Yuan

Long said: \"the cost of inputs from the LED lamps, and the electricity generated by the different lighting analysis and comparison

of the year and a half or so input costs, payback period, the electricity savings after 1 year and a half economic benefits

equivalent to the transformation see the cost of inputs provided by electricity from the North University Chu Hai College of

Higher Education Statistics on the school LED Road Reconstruction was completed on May 17, only 58 LED street a savings of more

than 5000 yuan electricity per month than before the transformation fee, a monthly savings of more than 7900 kwh of electricity.

Begun to taste the sweet fruit of the plan in the second half of the North University, Chu Hai College of Higher Education budget

to $ 500,000, to transform the College of all street lights, in the case of sufficient funds to consider for indoor lighting to

transform. The school said that the difficulties of the campus to install LED lights for energy conservation, in fact, a lot.

Tested had a lot of work on the investigation of the LED lamps, contact the 10 energy-saving lamp enterprises, many products due

to the chip, the light fades, the heat, saving energy and other technical issues can not be solved, very careful selection of LED

lamps. In addition, the biggest problem is troubled by financial problems, the LED retrofit costs are very large.

The screw and cylinder are 38CRMOAL alloy steel, formed by the nitrogen treatment and precision machining, high hardness, corrosion resistance, durable.

The die head hard chrome plating, the structure of the spiral mandrel type uniform molten material extrusion, blown film has fine finishing, The blower is of labyrinth structure with even the wind.

The coiling unit adopts pressure friction rewinding or center rewinding, driven by torque motor rewinding and easy roll changing.

High and low pressure film blowing machine is suitable for blowing high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) plastic film, widely used in food, clothing, textile, daily necessities and other civilian goods and industrial packaging. Raw materials formulations can produce pearl film and degradation film. The machine is currently on the market, the most widely used, do the necessary for blown film plant preferred machinery.

Ancient Kyushu in February one of the Shandong Qingzhou earth, always surging forward to the Director-General

entrepreneurial passion, full of the drive to seek development. February 7, the reporter in the mountains of southwest

of the city of Temple, son of the town territory Chu zhujiayu industrial park, where construction workers have been

dispelled years of gas, is busy with the construction of infrastructure … It is understood that Chu zhujiayu

Industrial Park Temple, son of the town following the sub shop, Industrial Park, Riverfront SME entrepreneurs base

after the high standards of planning and construction of another large industrial park, the park is the use of

abandoned mine pits and shut down part of the earth enterprise infrastructure planning and construction, a plan

investment of 800 million yuan, the total planning area of ​​540 acres, roads, utilities, walls and other infrastructure

construction is expected to be completed in April. Temple, son of the town party secretary Li said, the Lunar New Year

of the Dragon around the Spring Festival, the town the introduction of Enterprise Project 5, Chu Jia Yu Industrial

Park, the introduction of double T plate project, grinding station project, logistics and transport projects, four, in

addition the introduction of energy-saving building materials project 1. Sub shop, riparian and Chu zhujiayu

industrial Park, settled 18 of the Enterprise Project, has gradually developed into a modern enterprise gathering.

    It is understood, Qingzhou City the day involved in machinery manufacturing, offshore drilling and production of

electric vehicles, precision appliances and other fields, the total investment amounting to 14.04 billion yuan

municipal three industrial park project is focused on construction. Qingzhou City of Caterpillar Industrial Zone,

Qingzhou City, Great Wall Power Transformer Co., Ltd. with an annual output of 1 million KVA energy-efficient power

transformers, engineering machinery, \"a bridge bivariate supporting base, Shandong Peng Austrian Machinery Technology

Co., Ltd. 1000 sets / year precision semi-steel radial Tire Mold, Shandong Weili World Machinery Co., Ltd. with an

annual output of the 10000 series of forklifts and other projects focus on start, with a total investment of 2.1

billion yuan; in economic development zones, mountain from the port machinery manufacturing of heavy machinery shares

high-speed rail, Qingzhou Petroleum Machinery Factory Co., Ltd. a major oil drilling machinery and equipment

renovation and expansion, Shandong Pascal Vacuum Equipment Co., Ltd. high vacuum multi-function aluminum equipment

manufacturing of Weifang benefits and electrical Co., Ltd. of modern agriculture, environmental protection machinery

and equipment, Aida Sen sensing technology Company sensor production and other projects focused on start, a total

investment of 4.44 billion yuan; Nao Mountain Economic Development Zone, Qingzhou Aetna Logistics Park, Shandong

TIANBAO low-carbon industrial city, the Jishan industrial park cum Xiang electric vehicles and accessories production,

Kai Nuowei photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd., Shandong multi Goodrich Rubber Industry Co., Ltd. tire production set

to start with a total investment of 7.5 billion yuan.

    Since last year, Qingzhou City, Shandong Province, the whole party caught the industry, the focus to build the

park idea, towns, streets, town of industrial legislation, industrial town, industrial shangxingzhen \"as the guiding

ideology, relying on the industrial park, the focus breakthrough project introduction, speed up the development pace

of the city\\ s industrial economy has shown strong momentum of development.

On the latest developments of the domestic and foreign markets valve industry

First, from the entire valve market, there are two:

A foreign market. Foreign markets in recent years, very active and highly competitive. Rapid valve import and export growth in

East and Southeast Asia, the sustainable development of the North American market trade in the European Community and other

developed countries, Germany, Italy, Japan, China and other countries and regions, the expansion of exports, the United States,

Britain, France and other countries imported The rapid growth of the prosperity of the support points of the international valve

market Furthermore, as the world economy, international, multinational companies will continue to promote the development of the

international valve market, regionalization of international trade is graduated to become another great feature.

2, the domestic market, the domestic market was divided into new, expansion of the market of the agenda items, the maintenance of

old equipment, the renovation project market. From this point of view the two markets, the product of ordinary valves serious

oversupply, corporate race to suppressing disorderly competition, fake … the market were very irregular, resulting in some valve

manufacturers fierce competition in successive years of substantial losses. From two to market demand, with the development and

perfection of the market economy, in particular the progress of World Trade Organization (wto), its changes in the market is

growing, the corporate market more and more deep, the user of the market The increasingly high demand for the product, the demand

for product development, production cycle is becoming shorter and shorter.

Second, China\\ s valve market analysis

Three in the valve manufacturing in China of approximately more than 2300 valve products can provide a few categories, over 3500

species, more than 40,000 specifications.

Urban architecture (1) with the valve: Urban systems generally use a low pressure valves, are currently being environmentally

friendly and energy-saving direction. Environmentally friendly plastic sheet valve, balance valve, Center Line butterfly valve,

metal sealed butterfly valve is gradually replaced by low iron gate. Domestic urban architecture required valve for balancing

valve, soft seal gate valve, butterfly valve and so on.

(2) urban heating valves: the city on behalf of the thermal mud valve, required a lot of metal sealing butterfly valve, the level

of balance valve and direct-buried ball, because this type of valve to solve pipe vertical and horizontal hydraulic imbalance,

reaching The purpose of energy conservation, on behalf of the thermal equilibrium.

(3) environmental protection with the valve: the domestic ring drain valve system, the water supply system required center line

butterfly valve, soft seal gate valve, ball valve, exhaust valve (used to exclude the air pipe). Sewage treatment system required

soft sealing gate valve, breathing valve.

(4) city gas valve: city gas accounted for 22% of the entire natural market, a large amount of valve type. ball valves, plug

valves, pressure reducing valve, safety valve, the main need.

(5) long-distance pipe flame arrester: long-distance pipeline crude oil, the finished product is not natural pipeline. Such

pipelines to be the amount the majority of the valve is full bore ball valve, forged steel three-body resistance to sulfur flat

gate valve, safety valve, check valve.

(6) petrochemical plant with the valve:

a refinery installed level gauge devices required valve is mostly pipeline valve, main valve, globe valve, check valve, safety

valve, ball valves, butterfly valves, steam traps, which, gate need to account for about 80% of the total number of valves (filter

to install a total investment of 3% to 5%).

b, fiber devices, fiber products in polyester, acrylic, polyvinyl alcohol, three categories. Required the valve ball valve,

jacketed valve (jacketed ball valve, gate valve of the jacket, the jacket cut-off valve).

c, acrylonitrile unit. The device is generally required api standards of Health on the ball valve valves, gate valves, globe

valves, check valves, ball valves, steam traps, needle valves, plug valves, which, gate accounted for valves total about 75% of

the amount.

d ammonia plant. Because the original synthetic ammonia and purification methods different process, the technical performance of

the valve valve. At present, domestic ammonia plant required gate valve, cut-off valves, check valves, steam traps, butterfly

valves, ball valves, diaphragm valves, regulating valve ball valve, safety valve, high temperature and low temperature valve.

Among them, the cut-off valve accounted for 53.4% ​​of the total data of the device with the valve, gate valve accounted for 25.1%,

traps accounted for 7.7% of safety valve, 2.4% in the control valve and away from the low-temperature valve and accounted for

11.4% e, the ethylene plant, ethylene The device is oil ball valve faucet device, valve used a wide range. Gate valve, globe

valve, check valve, lift rod ball the majority, in which valve needs topped. \"15\" plan, the country needs to build an annual

output of 660,000 tons butterfly valve unit 6 sets the valve demand is considerable. In addition, large-scale ethylene and high-

pressure polyethylene plant needs to use ultra-high temperature, the more low-temperature and ultra-high pressure valve series.

f, air separation and vacuum valve air separation and air separation, the device required cut-off valves, safety valves, check

valves, regulating valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, cryogenic valves.

g polypropylene unit, polypropylene easy propylene pressure reducing valve of polymers, the device required a gate valve, globe

valve, check valves, needle valves, ball valves, steam traps.

(7) power station with valve: the power plant construction in China forward large-scale safety valve exhibition required a large

diameter and high pressure safety valve, pressure reducing valve, globe valve, gate valve, butterfly valve, emergency shut-off

valve and flow control valves, spherical sealing instrument cut-off valve, (according to the national \"Tenth Five-Year Plan, in

addition to the gate valve Guizhou provinces also built more than 200,000 kilowatts units, other provinces and cities can only

build a unit more than 300,000 kilowatts).

Metallurgical valves (8): metallurgical industry cut-off valve as the main required wear slurry valve (in the flow valve), adjust

the trap. The steel industry needed metal seal valve, butterfly valve and oxidation of the ball valve, closing the flash and the

reversing valve.

(9) ocean level combination valve: With the development of the check valve on the oil exploration, marine flat hair required

amount of the valve is gradually increasing. Marine platform required the shut off valve, check valve, multi-way valve.

(10) food and medicine with the valve: the industry need to use stainless steel ball valve, non-toxic plastic ball valves and

butterfly valves.

Foreign stopcock into the wto, China\\ s valve market is facing competition from foreign valve manufacturers, valve the amount of

imports from abroad will have a larger growth, while in low-end valve products, producers will be greater gate valve.

Developed countries from China to buy Valve (1) into developing countries: the developed countries need to purchase from our

country\\ s valve, api gate valve, globe valve, check valve, ball valve, butterfly valve.

(2) the Middle East, Iraq, oil fields, pipe traps were destroyed with the system of valves: Middle East, Iraq and other countries

need oil imports from China from China\\ s imports of petroleum systems and pipeline valve for the main valve, globe valve, non-

return valve, long-distance pipeline for the flat valve and ball valve.

(3) regular import and export companies need to purchase generic valve: such universal valve gate valve, globe valve, check valve,

ball valve, butterfly valve, mostly.

At present, domestic and international valve market competition is very intense, especially in the domestic market, competition

between state-owned enterprises and township enterprises and private and individual enterprises, coupled with its relative

purchasing power weakened, the valve enterprises are facing survival crisis, at the same time, foreign some of the opportunities

of the market, has also led to efforts to open up domestic enterprises in order to survive. Optimistic by the opportunity of the

United States on the Middle East, Iraq, Iran sanctions and export situation, China\\ s quality, cheaper valve products, it is easy

to break into the Middle East market, exports to developed countries. Therefore, valve enterprise, should seize the opportunity to

expand the market for domestic and international valve market demand, increase exports, in order to develop.

Valve, the country should develop new products

Valve product development should focus on the focus to the development of the national economic construction. Our country \"15\" the

focus of economic construction, energy, agriculture, environmental protection, industrial and urban construction, that is, the

future of the valve product market power, petrochemical, fertilizer, environmental protection and urban construction industry.

These industries to be developed or are trial but needs to improve the quality of valve products are mainly as follows:

1, high temperature, high pressure, forging the pilot gate valve

2, high pressure forged steel large diameter cut-off valve

3, high pressure forged steel large diameter check valve

4, metal seals, oil seals avdco valve

5, all-welded full bore pipeline ball valves

6, the lift rod ball

7, large-caliber emergency cut off butterfly valves

8, all-welded directly buried valve

9, high performance butterfly valves (ans1b16.1046 level, Shou Heda more than 500,000 times

10, pilot safety valve

11, api6a flat gate

12, api6achokt2s valve

13, control flash (control valve)

14, adjust the trap

15, the refined oil with softened soft sealing plug valve

16, deep-sea oil fields (3000m below the seabed) gate valve, ball

17, high pressure large diameter jacket ball valve

18, aluminum high-pressure melt out of the slurry valve

19, natural gas, conditioning In addition, valve testing device to be further improved development.

At present, the manufacturer of the valve industry in China is gradually increased research and development efforts, but the

product is technically out of date, making the competition must not force the production of valve varieties can only meet about 70

percent of the market demand. Shortage of low-voltage large-diameter valves and production and demand contradiction between the

high pressure valve on the species and materials, as well as those in development of new products and need our valve business

research real development, to expand. Competition in the market is always survival of the fittest. Speed ​​up the adjustment of

product structure, technology updates, new product development, the creation of the license … is their own survival,

development, accounting for the foundation of the field of domestic and foreign markets.

Automatic potato harvester, area of ​​3 acres per hour job; 7.5-meter-high dryer, drying 10 tons of food; organic fertilizer production line, automatic operation …

Here is the second site (Taizhou), Zhejiang Province, China Agricultural Machinery Fair, thousands of spectators, this grand event. This is also the time to highlight the event of technological charm, from the 100 exhibitors at home and abroad to bring the latest products, technologies and relevant market information debut …

So that farmers can get rich, so that cattle laid-off! \"

So that farmers can get rich, so that the cattle laid-off! \"This is the tagline of the the Wenling washing of Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd. booth. Zheng Jie, the main production of rotary tillers, and products for the ordinary farmers, for tilling the soil of the mountain terraces, ditching, the responsible persons. Zheng Jie said, this market price of 2000 yuan per hour farming acres of land, pointing to a small micro-farming machines. \"Our products have obtained the license chapter of the Provincial Department of Agriculture is seeking to enter the state purchase of agricultural subsidies directory.\" Person in charge as the field of agricultural machinery industry, an SME, Zheng Jie hope that relevant departments of the strong support of enterprise development.

The dryer of 7.5-meter-high performance drying 10 tons of food. This is the product of the Zhejiang the thundering Industrial Co., Ltd. show. Last year alone, this product is sold in the province by 89 enterprises, deputy general manager Xu Dhamma. Each priced at 105,000 yuan last year, state subsidy of $ 70,000 each, we only sold in road and bridge 12, the customer-based food production cooperatives. \"Xu Fa-rectification, pointing to another small dryer last year, according to customer demand, R & D performance drying 3 tons of grain dryer, the market prospect is quite good.

The Taizhou billion Source Electrical and Mechanical Co., Ltd. booth, colored power sprayers, pressure washers, high pressure pumps and other products, will be small booth plug a full. Qiu Wei Hung, three corporate sales manager, enterprise there are over 100 kinds of the kinds of products last year, there are 13 kinds of products are included in the state purchase of agricultural subsidies directory. \"Our products in Southeast Asia, the Middle East market is very popular.\" Qiu Wei Hung, pointing to a 500-liter power sprayer, said sprayer both suitable for garden operations, can also be used for cleaning, is a multi-function products.

\"We are eager to have a high-tech agricultural machinery\"

Agricultural exposition Technology charm to attract a lot of grower came to \"Taobao\".

In \"Iseki mechanical\" booth before salesman Zhuang Xiaohua told the crowd demonstrates a vegetable planting machine. Such a machine, a day to plug 10 acres, worth five artificial crowd the rooftop T. grandis Food Professional Co-operative Society Xie Jiugao this very interested. Old to thank the co-operatives there are 2000 acres of land to grow rice, canola-based. Cooperatives with tractor two, drying machine 5, harvesters three. Visit to the agricultural exposition would like to purchase agricultural machinery, be regarded as \"well off machinery\" loyal \"fans\", he listened very carefully to the sales staff to explain. \"We desire to have high-tech agricultural area of ​​the growing province of time and labor, does not fall quarter, but also cost savings.\"

The other side of an enterprise display a new stripped-meter machines to attract the eye of the grower from Chi Town, Linhai small package Kai fly. According to the factory introduced the machine is a new product introduction of Japanese technology, has just launched in the domestic market, with a rice, whole Midzi finish to bright. Package Kai fly this year planted 1,000 acres of rice, after the rice harvest each year, out of m is also a big workload, such a machine, the old package is a bit fond of: \"a small rice mill cooperatives, such a large m machines have not seen and we feel fine. \"

The city\\ s agricultural and industrial production, exports, market share of the province\\ s first

\"At present, the city\\ s total agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises, more than 4,000, the annual output of over 400 billion, exports to Europe, America, Southeast Asia, nearly 50 countries. City\\ s agricultural and industrial production, exports, market share of the province.\" Agricultural expo the scene, Agricultural Mechanization Zhanfuzhanchang Chen Fengping proudly introduced the city\\ s agricultural situation.

The province\\ s agricultural machinery industry output value is more than 600 billion yuan, Taizhou, two-thirds of the well-known enterprises Road Bridge Willows, triple, and the City of Huangyan, Wenling, Leo, New Territories. \"Said Chen Fengping Since 2004, the central implementation of the purchase of agricultural subsidies, the majority of farmers to purchase agricultural machinery enthusiasm rising, city business productivity continued to rise. \"

According to statistics, last year alone, the city were acquired various types of equipment subsidies 34 013 units (sets), benefiting 7117 farmers enjoy financial subsidies to more than 41.21 million yuan.

\"At present, the city\\ s agricultural mechanized farming operations area of ​​225.7 mu, agriculture-related production operations link has been basically realized mechanization or semi-mechanized.\" Chenfeng Ping said. Last year, the sea, Wenling, counties (cities, districts) actively organize local nearly 400 combine harvesters and other agricultural went to Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Hunan, Hubei and other places to carry out the operation across an area of ​​60 mu. \"Operation across both improve equipment operating efficiency, machine hand-income, but also to promote further enhance the level of mechanization of food production in neighboring provinces.\"